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- Date: Thu, 2 Dec 93 07:02:23 PST
- From: Info-Hams Mailing List and Newsgroup <info-hams@ucsd.edu>
- Errors-To: Info-Hams-Errors@UCSD.Edu
- Reply-To: Info-Hams@UCSD.Edu
- Precedence: Bulk
- Subject: Info-Hams Digest V93 #1415
- To: Info-Hams
-
-
- Info-Hams Digest Thu, 2 Dec 93 Volume 93 : Issue 1415
-
- Today's Topics:
- API for HAM CALL
- Help on Kenwood 2m all mode
- Instant Licenses
- Logging program for casual contacts
- Modem Software to Alert Many Pagers?
- Pyramid Schemes
- using a radio off frequency in emergencies (2 msgs)
- VHF in Virgin Islands
- W5YI's coverage of "temporary callsigns" (2 msgs)
- YHelp with Yaesu FT11R
-
- Send Replies or notes for publication to: <Info-Hams@UCSD.Edu>
- Send subscription requests to: <Info-Hams-REQUEST@UCSD.Edu>
- Problems you can't solve otherwise to brian@ucsd.edu.
-
- Archives of past issues of the Info-Hams Digest are available
- (by FTP only) from UCSD.Edu in directory "mailarchives/info-hams".
-
- We trust that readers are intelligent enough to realize that all text
- herein consists of personal comments and does not represent the official
- policies or positions of any party. Your mileage may vary. So there.
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Date: 2 Dec 93 00:25:17 GMT
- From: uswnvg!cjackso@uunet.uu.net
- Subject: API for HAM CALL
- To: info-hams@ucsd.edu
-
- Dan Bowker [x 6587] (ddb@tntvax.ntrs.com) wrote:
- : I'm about to buy the new HAMCALL CD.
-
- : Is there an API for the database, or is there a way to read it directly?
-
- Dunno for sure about HAMCALL, but have you looked at 'QRZ Hamradio' from
- Walnut Creek? It's significantly cheaper ($20 as opposed to $50+ the
- last time I checked) and comes with a "reader" program, as well as the
- (C) source for rolling your own. Also, in a few weeks I'll have (will
- post somewhere, probably on Compu$erve) an ACCESS BASIC module that will
- look up the offset of a call and then return you all of the data for
- a given call.
-
-
- --
- Clay Jackson - N7QNM
- US WEST NewVector Group Inc
- Bellevue, WA
- uunet!uswnvg!cjackso
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Tue, 30 Nov 1993 16:00:11 GMT
- From: pacbell.com!sgiblab!swrinde!cs.utexas.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!EU.net!news.inesc.pt!animal.inescn.pt!bart!avale@network.ucsd.edu
- Subject: Help on Kenwood 2m all mode
- To: info-hams@ucsd.edu
-
- Hello,
-
- I have one Kenwood TR751E all mode 2m, and I need use the
- tone encoder TU-7 that I already have.
- In the schematic and tecnical manual do not refer what to do with the config.
- diodes D3, D4, D5, D6 and D7 on the Control Unit. What are the individual funcion
- of each other. The D14 is on the owner manual and is to config. the step, but
- the others!? I only need to inform the unit that he has the TU-7 installed.
-
- If anyone of you have this kind of information, or the email/internet of Kenwood,
- I will thank you a lot.
-
- 73, Antonio (CT1DZY) E-mail: avale@bart.inescn.pt
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: 2 Dec 93 14:20:57 GMT
- From: news-mail-gateway@ucsd.edu
- Subject: Instant Licenses
- To: info-hams@ucsd.edu
-
- Here are my thoughts on the 'instant' license proposal.
- I am an Extra Class Ham, been licensed for 14 year, am a VE,
- co-founder of our local club and our repeater trustee/licensee.
-
- * Our monthly VE sessions bring in around 20 new hams a month,
- all excited and eager to get on the air. When they realize that
- they have to wait 2 to 3 months (or more sometimes) their energy
- wanes. The instant license will get them on the air, get them
- involved in club/area events, get them trained.
-
- * Use of VE assigned callsigns will result in some confusion,
- for instance both my wife and I are hams and have the same
- initials. So what, is it a big deal to hear WZ5REB talking
- to WZ5REB? Sure, you don't hear it now, but you never used to
- hear AB5ZZ or KC5XYZ either and now it's commonplace. Plus
- it will only be for 6 months (probably a lot less, like 2 to 3).
- Again, no problem from my perspective.
-
- * I can't tell what class these WZ# calls hold. HA! Can you tell
- by my call (KA5GLX) what class I am? Hmmm, that's a novice call
- isn't it. Yup, but I'm an extra! Oops, there goes that arguement.
-
- * I can't verify who belongs to WZ# calls by calling the FCC. That's
- true, have you ever tried to call the FCC to verify a 'real'
- callsign? Good luck. There are some repeaters in town that refuse
- to let the new Technicians use their repeaters until the call shows
- up in the callbook. That's really a warm welcome to ham radio isn't
- it. Guess the WZ#'s will face the same problem. Your choice. I welcome
- everyone to use the KA5GLX/R repeater. If you are a ham with the
- proper license, have a good time.
-
- * What is a ham? Aha, maybe we have all lost sight of this. You are
- a ham when you PASS the VE exams. You hold a valid CSCE saying
- you have 'earned' your license. Therefore, why should you not
- be able to get on the air? When you turned 16 and passed your
- driver's license test, did you have to wait to drive until your
- 'real' license was issued from your state? You can kill someone
- with a car... what's the worst you can do with a radio?
-
- I think that many people over react to change, of any kind. Yes,
- it would be nice if the FCC could let the VECs assign via computer
- a 'real' call from the appropriate callsign group. That day will
- come soon (so be ready!) This is a very simple method for letting
- people ENJOY the privilages they have earned. Hey folks, there was
- a time when you had to wait for the FCC to issue you a new license
- before you could use your new privilages when you upgraded. How
- many of you have upgraded and instantly been on your new HF or VHF
- frequencies with your old call?
-
- I look forward to issuing WZ5XYZ at a future VE session and then
- hearing that person on the KA5GLX repeater. Welcome to ham radio.
- We are a friendly group of people just trying to have FUN!
-
- We aren't disarming nuclear weapons here folks, we are just trying
- to enjoy our hobby.
-
- 73 de Bob KA5GLX
-
- KA5GLX@KA5KTH.#SETX.TX.USA.NOAM
- BIEKERT@aol.com Internet
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Thu, 2 Dec 1993 00:45:53 GMT
- From: crl.dec.com!crl.dec.com!nntpd.lkg.dec.com!e2big.mko.dec.com!peavax.mlo.dec.com!usenet@decwrl.dec.com
- Subject: Logging program for casual contacts
- To: info-hams@ucsd.edu
-
- I've been using DXbase by Scientific Solutions for several years. You
- can download a slide-show demo off their BBS (sorry, don't have the #
- here). It has a fast and powerful database, tracks DXCC, WAS, WAZ,
- Oblast and IOTA, and has interfaces to PacketCluster, radio and DVP.
-
- --
- Jim Reisert AD1C Internet: reisert@mlo.dec.com
- Digital Equipment Corp. UUCP: ...decwrl!mlo.dec.com!reisert
- 146 Main Street - MLO3-6/C9 Voice: 508-493-5747
- Maynard, MA 01754 FAX: 508-493-0395
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Tue, 30 Nov 1993 05:41:16 GMT
- From: bruce.cs.monash.edu.au!harbinger.cc.monash.edu.au!yeshua.marcam.com!news.kei.com!eff!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!vixen.cso.uiuc.edu!sdd.hp.com!col.hp.@munnari.oz.au
- Subject: Modem Software to Alert Many Pagers?
- To: info-hams@ucsd.edu
-
- There are several packages that do this. Notify! from
- Ex Machina knows pager protocols and can work through
- the pager companies paging computer or call each of them
- directly as a normal call. It can handle both numeric
- pagers and alphanumeric ones. They have a version for
- both the Mac and for Windows.
- Ex Machina is at 45 East 89th St #39A,
- New York, NY 10128
-
- There is also a company called Information Radio Technology
- in Cleveland at 800-228-8998. Bob Grohol also markets
- several paging solutions there including one called
- AlphaPage.
-
- Brian
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Wed, 1 Dec 1993 23:28:49 GMT
- From: news.Hawaii.Edu!uhunix3.uhcc.Hawaii.Edu!jherman@ames.arpa
- Subject: Pyramid Schemes
- To: info-hams@ucsd.edu
-
- In article <CHCou4.MJ0@freenet.carleton.ca> aj467@Freenet.carleton.ca (Bill Macpherson) writes:
- >
- >When you see this crap on the net, everyone of you should reply E-mail to
- >the originators account, with the entire message intact. Maybe his local
- >node will boot him off the air. Maybe they'll catch wind and turn him in.
- >What do you think.
- >
- >--
- >Bill VE3NJW Advanced Amateur
- >Packet Address : VE3NJW@VE3KYT.#EON.ON.CAN
- >Freenet Address: aj467@Freenet.Carleton.ca
-
- Not to worry, for Julf at anon said he would pull the guy's plug
- if those posts continue.
-
- Jeff NH6IL
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Wed, 1 Dec 1993 00:31:01 GMT
- From: bruce.cs.monash.edu.au!harbinger.cc.monash.edu.au!yeshua.marcam.com!news.kei.com!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!darwin.sura.net!hearst.acc.Virginia.EDU!@@munnari.oz.au
- Subject: using a radio off frequency in emergencies
- To: info-hams@ucsd.edu
-
- In article <holland-291193181932@right.dom.uab.edu>,
- Steve Holland <holland@gasmac.dom.uab.edu> wrote:
- >I was looking at the Amateur radio news postings and came across an
- >article about an amateur that was in a remote area who had an injured
- >friend. The story went that after trying several repeaters without
- >success and trying to use a cellular phone without success, he called
- >for help on a police frequency. He was forced to forfeit his radio
- >when the sherriffs department complained. The story goes on from there,
- >and the FCC, the ham, and the Sherriffs office will be meeting in court.
-
- I have a feeling that there is more to this than has met your eye. Perhaps
- it wasn't really an 'emergency' but rather just a difficult situation and
- at least in the eyes of the Sheriffs office (and perhaps soon the FCC's)
- it was not acceptable. As for being forced to forfeit a radio, that seems
- highly suspicious. You don't even need a license to own a radio.
-
- >I was wondering what is the correct thing to do if one has a radio that
- >can transmit outside of amateur bands and a real, life threatening
- >emergency arises. I thought there was a rule about amateurs being
- >authorized to use any radio at their disposal if normal communications
- >were not available when there was a life threatening emergency. Has
- >anyone any advice on what one should do if a similar event happened to
- >me? No legal advice expected, just interested on what the folks on
- >the net may have to say.
-
- I don't believe you need to be an amateur. I think that ANYONE can use
- ANY frequency to call for help in a bona fide emergency.
-
- Just be prepared to prove that it was necessary. Emergencies like needing
- a tow are not as extreme as someone with life threatening injuries or
- the threat of large scale property damage (like a house on fire, etc)
- and of course you'll need to prove there was no other reasonable means
- of communication available.
-
- Probably a pretty difficult thing to do...
-
- --
- Any opinions expressed herein are not necessarily those of The University.
- __________________________________________________________________________
- \ \ / Jon Gefaell, Computer Systems Engineer | Amateur Radio, KD4CQY
- \/\/ A UNIX guy doing Netware - ITC/Carruthers | -Will chmod for Food-
- \/ The University of Virginia, Charlottesville | Hacker@Virginia.EDU
- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Tue, 30 Nov 1993 21:02:48 GMT
- From: spsgate!mogate!newsgate!nuntius@uunet.uu.net
- Subject: using a radio off frequency in emergencies
- To: info-hams@ucsd.edu
-
- In article <holland-291193181932@right.dom.uab.edu> Steve Holland,
- holland@gasmac.dom.uab.edu writes:
- >I was wondering what is the correct thing to do if one has a radio that
- >can transmit outside of amateur bands and a real, life threatening
- >emergency arises. I thought there was a rule about amateurs being
- >authorized to use any radio at their disposal if normal communications
- >were not available when there was a life threatening emergency. Has
- >anyone any advice on what one should do if a similar event happened to
- >me? No legal advice expected, just interested on what the folks on
- >the net may have to say.
-
- This seems to just the kind of subject that an organization of hams
- would champion. Lets face it, the San Diego Sheriff's Office hasn't
- gotten the publicity from this it deserves. A man's life may have been
- at stake, and a resourceful individual did the responsible thing. He
- ASKED for permission, passed the traffic, and cleared the frequency when
- completed. We as hams and as CITIZENS need to speak out loudly and give
- the San Diego Sheriff's Office the attention the have been seeking. I
- would recommend the ARRL publicly stand tall and be counted. If this
- issue is put to bed properly in San Diego, we might not need to address
- it anywhere else.
-
- Rick Aldom
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Tue, 30 Nov 1993 22:12:43 GMT
- From: bruce.cs.monash.edu.au!harbinger.cc.monash.edu.au!msuinfo!uwm.edu!news.moneng.mei.com!howland.reston.ans.net!noc.near.net!das-news.harvard.edu!cantaloupe.srv.cs.cmu.edu!@munnari.oz.au
- Subject: VHF in Virgin Islands
- To: info-hams@ucsd.edu
-
- I'll be in the British Virgin Islands for a week next month. I'm not
- planning on any HFing, but I was thinking of bring along a VHF/UHF HT.
- I was wondering:
-
- Will there be anyone to talk to? Repeaters?
-
- If so, and if you have been (or are) there, is it worthwhile (and $20)
- to get a reciprocal license and bring my radio? (Obviously subjective
- - what's your opinion?)
-
- Are the frequency allocations the same as for the US?
-
- thanks, Mike Blackwell - ke3ig - mkb@cs.cmu.edu
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Wed, 1 Dec 1993 18:23:08 GMT
- From: brunix!maxcy2.maxcy.brown.edu!md@uunet.uu.net
- Subject: W5YI's coverage of "temporary callsigns"
- To: info-hams@ucsd.edu
-
- dan@mystis.wariat.org (Dan Pickersgill N8PKV) writes:
-
- > I could not agree more.
-
- Gee, will wonders never cease? :-)
-
- > As I have stated, I feel that one of the major
- > reasons for ham radio being as "clean" as it is, is accountability.
- > Remove the accountability and the system WILL breakdown (as some falsely
- > clain it has).
-
- The system has broken down somewhat. When the FCC stopped monitoring
- amateur bands except in cases of gross misconduct, alot of what goes
- on today went on in much lesser amounts years ago. Today, someone
- can cuss on the air with little, if any, concern over what they've
- done. 15 years ago this was not the case.
-
-
- > And it makes self policing almost impossible.
-
- But Dan, only a ham-cop would be interested in self-policing. Self-policing
- means each ham polices themselves. (as some others have appeared to
- indicate.)
-
- MD
- --
- -- Michael P. Deignan
- -- Population Studies & Training Center
- -- Brown University, Box 1916, Providence, RI 02912
- -- (401) 863-7284
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: 2 Dec 93 01:21:02 GMT
- From: ogicse!emory!kd4nc!ke4zv!gary@network.ucsd.edu
- Subject: W5YI's coverage of "temporary callsigns"
- To: info-hams@ucsd.edu
-
- In article <1993Dec1.182308.18281@cs.brown.edu> md@maxcy2.maxcy.brown.edu (Michael P. Deignan) writes:
- >dan@mystis.wariat.org (Dan Pickersgill N8PKV) writes:
- >
- >> I could not agree more.
- >
- >Gee, will wonders never cease? :-)
-
- You'll be thrilled to note that I also agree that instant licensing,
- as proposed, is a bad idea. I do have an idea how to handle the problem
- that I'll mention at the end.
-
- >> As I have stated, I feel that one of the major
- >> reasons for ham radio being as "clean" as it is, is accountability.
- >> Remove the accountability and the system WILL breakdown (as some falsely
- >> clain it has).
- >
- >The system has broken down somewhat. When the FCC stopped monitoring
- >amateur bands except in cases of gross misconduct, alot of what goes
- >on today went on in much lesser amounts years ago. Today, someone
- >can cuss on the air with little, if any, concern over what they've
- >done. 15 years ago this was not the case.
-
- In reality, the FCC never heavily monitored the amateur bands. The FCC
- did do somewhat more monitoring in the past, but that was for all services,
- not just amateur. They've slacked off mainly for financial reasons. One of
- the two broadcast monitoring vans in the country has been parked now for
- over a year because the engineers needed to run it retired and new
- ones were not hired. The language and behavior we hear on the bands,
- however, is more a reflection of changing community standards in society
- as a whole than it is a reflection of lack of enforcement. Even in the
- old days the FCC concentrated mainly on technical violations rather than
- content violations. But the general respect for authority in society
- was so much higher then that people acted as if Big Brother was watching
- even when he wasn't.
-
- >> And it makes self policing almost impossible.
- >
- >But Dan, only a ham-cop would be interested in self-policing. Self-policing
- >means each ham polices themselves. (as some others have appeared to
- >indicate.)
-
- You probably are being sarcastic, but you're right that self policing
- means the policing of *self* with respect to the rules. It doesn't mean
- playing cop wannabe. That's not to say that we shouldn't be good citizens
- and report illegal activity we observe to the proper authorities. But just
- as we don't report every person we see going 56 MPH in a 55 zone, we shouldn't
- be zealous ham-cops on the bands.
-
- Now here's my modest proposal to solve the instant license "crisis", and
- incidentally to solve the upgrade problem at the same time. Digital signature
- systems are now available that are as admissible as hand written signatures
- on paper forms. With the new computer system the FCC is getting, it should
- be possible to allow VEs to log on directly, transmit the completed exam
- information complete with validating digital signature, and receive an
- automatic callsign assignment in real time, including a Postscript license
- that laser prints just like the ones the FCC now mails out. This would be
- the real permanent license of the freshly examined candidate. The old
- paper mail system could remain in place for instances where the VEs are
- technically impoverished. I don't think those VEs would get many exam
- candidates after a while though.
-
- To prevent hacking, public key encryption could be used in both directions
- with the FCC having a list of the public keys of all acredited VE teams.
-
- Gary
- --
- Gary Coffman KE4ZV | Where my job's going, | gatech!wa4mei!ke4zv!gary
- Destructive Testing Systems | I don't know. It might | uunet!rsiatl!ke4zv!gary
- 534 Shannon Way | wind up in Mexico. | emory!kd4nc!ke4zv!gary
- Lawrenceville, GA 30244 | -NAFTA Blues |
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Wed, 1 Dec 1993 02:57:54 GMT
- From: netcomsv!netcomsv!xyzoom!rob@decwrl.dec.com
- Subject: YHelp with Yaesu FT11R
- To: info-hams@ucsd.edu
-
- Can anyone give me some feedback on the Yaesu FT11R HT? Specifically,
- what you like/don't like, and are there any modifications published
- for the radio? Is the extended receive fairly sensitive?
-
- Thanks.
- --Rob
-
-
- --
- Rob Lingelbach KB6CUN | 2660 Hollyridge Dr LA CA 90068 213 464 6266 (voice)
- rob@xyzoom.info.com | "I care not much for a man's religion whose dog or
- robl@netcom.com | cat are not the better for it." --Abraham Lincoln
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: 2 Dec 93 00:53:22 GMT
- From: ogicse!emory!kd4nc!ke4zv!gary@network.ucsd.edu
- To: info-hams@ucsd.edu
-
- References <Nov29.194927.39093@yuma.acns.colostate.edu>, <4926@eram.esi.com.au>, <Charles.R.Hohenstein.1-301193115436@mac13.hesburgh.lab.nd.edu>
- Reply-To : gary@ke4zv.UUCP (Gary Coffman)
- Subject : Re: Calculating SWR
-
- In article <Charles.R.Hohenstein.1-301193115436@mac13.hesburgh.lab.nd.edu> Charles.R.Hohenstein.1@nd.edu (Charles R. Hohenstein) writes:
- >In article <4926@eram.esi.com.au>, dave@eram.esi.com.au (Dave Horsfall)
- >wrote:
- >> galen@picea.CFNR.ColoState.EDU (Galen Watts) writes:
- >> | >I am not trying to be mean, but did you sit a radio theory test for your
- >> | >amateur license ?
- >> Notwithstanding the fact that I distinctly remember seeing that formula
- >> on my own exam (in Australia) and no doubt getting it wrong, don't they
- >> teach you to look up a reference book over there?
- >
- >The whole point is that this is NOT an electronics newsgroup, but rather a
- >newsgroup for amateur radio operators, not all of whom have--or even need
- >to have--a detailed understanding of how the equipment they operate
- >actually works.
-
- >In this same vein, I will admit my surprise, after sitting for all the U.S.
- >amateur radio examination elements, that there was such an emphasis on
- >electronics, and so very little concerning public service, disaster
- >readiness, first aid procedures, emergeny traffic handling, and so on. If
- >we are really intended to be a provider of alternative communications
- >services in times of national emergencies or local disasters, surely such
- >knowledge is at least as important as the ability to homebrew a radio. But
- >for some odd reason these topics are left almost entirely to specific
- >organizations, while EVERYONE is required to have a general knowledge of
- >electronics. Surely both are important. And maybe we could do more to test
- >normal operating procedures as well.
-
- I must disagree with your contention that amateur radio is not a technical
- service. It most certainly is. The primary difference between the amateur
- radio service and all other services *is* the technical skills we're supposed
- to be able to bring to bear for electronic communications.
-
- Two of the purposes of the service are to advance the radio art and to
- develop a pool of trained technicians. And all radio is electronics based,
- so the skill sets we need are primarily electronic skills. Amateurs are
- unique in being allowed to operate non-Type Accepted radios, in being
- allowed to repair them, and in being allowed to manufacture novel circuits
- for their own use. That certainly requires technical knowledge and skills.
-
- As to the public service, emergency communications, and international
- goodwill parts of our charter, the rules are clear that we are to act
- as a *backup* to ordinary communications systems licensed for public
- and emergency services purposes, such as GMRS, common carrier, land
- mobile, and government. *Anyone*, amateur or not, is permitted to use
- radio equipment in emergencies where there is an immediate threat to
- life, and there is no other means of communications available. We aren't
- unique in that respect. We are to bring our technical expertise to bear
- in situations where ordinary communications systems are overloaded,
- inoperative, or unavailable. In all other respects, we're to restrict
- ourselves to comments of a technical nature, or so unimportant that
- resort to common carriers is not warranted, IE Dxing.
-
- Since the international treaties say our communications are to be
- either technical in nature, or unimportant, the exams stress only
- the important part.
-
- Gary
- --
- Gary Coffman KE4ZV | Where my job's going, | gatech!wa4mei!ke4zv!gary
- Destructive Testing Systems | I don't know. It might | uunet!rsiatl!ke4zv!gary
- 534 Shannon Way | wind up in Mexico. | emory!kd4nc!ke4zv!gary
- Lawrenceville, GA 30244 | -NAFTA Blues |
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: 2 Dec 93 05:04:28 GMT
- From: mnemosyne.cs.du.edu!nyx10!jmaynard@uunet.uu.net
- To: info-hams@ucsd.edu
-
- References <9311292209592.gilbaronw0mn.DLITE@delphi.com>, <williams.754643364@maui>, <bote.754781001@access>
- Subject : Re: Repeater calling procedure (Was: Elm
-
- In article <bote.754781001@access>, John Boteler <bote@access.digex.net> wrote:
- >williams@maui.qualcomm.com (Paul Williamson) writes:
- >>There's no substitute for understanding the local lingo, even when it
- >>doesn't seem to make sense.
- >That's why a national organization like the ARRL should
- >get us all signing off the same songsheet so that
- >when we travel we don't have this problem.
-
- Sorry, won't happen.
-
- If the ARRL can't even impose a national band plan, what makes you think they
- could impose national operating procedures?
-
- (BTW, I consider their inability to impose a national band plan to be a
- feature, not a bug; if they could do so, we'd be stuck with a technically
- inferior plan on 2 meters.)
- --
- Jay Maynard, EMT-P, K5ZC, PP-ASEL | Never ascribe to malice that which can
- jmaynard@oac.hsc.uth.tmc.edu | adequately be explained by stupidity.
- "The road to Usenet is littered with dead horses." -- Jack Hamilton
-
- ------------------------------
-
- End of Info-Hams Digest V93 #1415
- ******************************
- ******************************
-